Introduction

Ultrasound examination of the musculus biceps brachii is an important diagnostic method in PMR, orthopedics, and sports medicine, as it enables rapid correlation of clinical findings with the morphological and functional appearance of the muscle and its tendinous structures. During examination, we primarily evaluate the continuity of muscle bundles, muscle echostructure, presence of hematoma or edema, myotendinous junction, and both distal and proximal attachment areas. These structures are common sources of pain following overuse, during strength training, after injuries, and with sudden eccentric loading of the upper extremity. A significant component of the examination is also dynamic imaging, which allows assessment of sliding between individual structures, pain during contraction, partial and complete ruptures, and signs of post-traumatic or overuse changes.