Introduction

Knobology represents a fundamental prerequisite for proper performance and interpretation of musculoskeletal sonography. The quality of the ultrasound image is not determined solely by the device and knowledge of anatomy, but significantly also by the examiner's ability to optimally adjust imaging parameters according to the examined structure and clinical question. In MSK sonography, it is essential to consider the specifics of imaging superficially located tissues, high demands on spatial resolution, and the frequent need to detect subtle morphological and vascularization changes. Proper work with parameters such as probe frequency, imaging depth, overall gain, focal zone, dynamic range, or Doppler settings fundamentally affects the diagnostic value of the examination. This chapter summarizes the basic principles of knobology with focus on their practical application in everyday MSK sonographic practice.