4. Dorsal view

Figure 1. Dorsal view, transverse plane. N: n. ischiadicus

Transverse ultrasound section of the posterior thigh showing the n. ischiadicus as an oval structure with typical fascicular appearance, located between the m. semitendinosus medially and the long head of the m. biceps femoris laterally. Deeper, the m. adductor magnus is visible, forming the floor of this anatomical window. This projection is essential for localization of the n. ischiadicus and for assessment of its pathology in the posterior thigh region. Clinical note: the typical arrangement of surrounding muscles creates the so-called "windmill sign," which facilitates rapid orientation and identification of the nerve during sonographic examination.

Figure 2. Dorsal view, transverse plane. T: hamstring tendon

Transverse ultrasound section of the proximal posterior thigh showing the ischial tuberosity region. The ischial tuberosity appears as an arched hyperechoic bony contour, onto which attaches the common tendinous insertion of the hamstrings (T), including the tendons of m. semitendinosus, m. semimembranosus and the long head of m. biceps femoris; superficially, m. gluteus maximus is also visible. This projection is essential for evaluating the proximal hamstring insertion and for detecting tendinopathy, partial ruptures or avulsion injuries in the ischial tuberosity region, especially in the athletic population.

Figure 3. Dorsal view, sagittal plane.

Longitudinal ultrasound section of the posterior thigh showing the n. ischiadicus in long axis. The nerve is visible in this projection as a striated structure with typical fascicular arrangement, running between the hamstrings superficially and m. adductor magnus deeper. This projection is essential for assessing continuity of the n. ischiadicus, its course, and for detection of pathological changes in the posterior thigh region.

Figure 4. Dorsal view, sagittal plane. T: hamstring tendon

Longitudinal ultrasound section of the tuber ischiadicum area showing the common hamstring insertion. The tuber ischiadicum is visible as a curved hyperechoic bony contour, to which the common tendinous origin of the hamstrings (T) attaches, including the tendons of m. semitendinosus, m. semimembranosus and the long head of m. biceps femoris; distally from the insertion, the tendon transitions into the muscle bellies of the posterior thigh muscle group. This projection is essential for evaluating the proximal hamstring insertion and for detecting tendinopathy, partial ruptures and complete avulsions, particularly in athletes with pain in the gluteal region or posterior thigh.